نشریه عمران و پروژه
سال دوم شماره 9 (پیاپی 19، آذر 1399)

One of the most important and fundamental issues that civil engineers always deal with today due to its importance is the study of the performance and behavior of structures under different conditions. In addition, in many cases, buildings are analyzed and designed separately and without considering the effect of other elements, including the foundation and soil of the infrastructure, which in many cases creates irreparable risks; Therefore, it is necessary to study and evaluate the effect of soil-structure interaction on the performance and design of buildings in order to manage the cost and time of construction projects. In this study, the performance of steel structures with concentric brace of 5, 10 and 15 floors by considering the interaction of soil structure in three different soil modes using nonlinear dynamic analysis of time history under 3 near-fault earthquakes has been done. The results show that considering the interaction of soil and structure increases the accuracy of structural responses.

Risk management is a new branch of management science that, despite being young, is rapidly expanding and growing and has been welcomed by experts and managers in a variety of trends and in a wide range of subjects such as investment, business, Insurance, safety, health, industrial and development projects and even political, social and military issues have found their place. Therefore, it can be concluded that risk management has a special place in project management and has commonalities with it, including commonalities can be the uniqueness of the project, uncertainty in the hypotheses, goals and requirements of the project and … Enumerated. In general, the environmental factors governing the project are the roots of uncertainty and the source of risk in projects. Issues such as uncertainty in the basics and initial estimates of the project, uncertainty in the design and procurement of the project and uncertainty in its objectives, make the conditions of the projects very risky and make risk management in the projects unavoidable. Therefore, in this article, first the concepts of risk management in construction projects are examined in general and then risk management with a knowledge-based approach and also its relationship with value management is examined. Finally, a case study of risk management in construction projects with a view to finding the sources of risk is reviewed. Finally, suggestions for further study and research in this field are provided.

Institution Communications are including one of active and vital element. Effective Communication resulting to proper, correct and complete information and knowledge management in different layers in institution and providing proper decision for improvement of performance of project and also decreasing of risk projects. Therefore, present research performed with target of risk prediction of construction management according to institution management. Present research with view of practical target and with view of collecting descriptive data with kind of conjunction. Statistic society of present research of staff of “Sad and Omran Pars” Company with number of 300 staff. The method of sampling is random and the volume of sample identify through Kookran formula. For collecting of considered information and evaluation of research variant are used standard questionnaire. And validity of measure instrument from content and fixity accepted from coefficient of Koronbakh Alpha.For analyzing information are used from lisrel 8.5. The result of path analysis showed that institutional communications have significant effect on risk of construction project and management and knowledge management has a significant effect between institutional communications risk of construction project

Traffic sign recognition plays a vital role in the intelligent transportation system, which increases traffic safety by providing safety and precautionary information about road hazards to drivers. Knowledge of how humans process the meaning of symptoms reduces the time it takes to respond to them and make decisions while driving. Although the expansion of the transportation network helps in the discussion of traffic, this expansion may not be feasible due to high financial costs, geographical and environmental constraints, as well as long-term improvements to transportation infrastructure. These limitations can be minimized with Traffic Management Systems (TMS). Efficient use of resources and waste reduction are key goals in managing a smart city, in which traffic and transportation activities have a significant impact. In smart city approaches, the use of intelligent processing methods in vehicles to increase safety is proposed without any interference in the driving process. This study addresses an innovative system that aims to assist councils in developing a road management plan and creating a framework for placing street signs and intelligent car systems using Google Images (GSV). Recent advances in machine memory detection technology have provided Google Automated Images with an automated approach to identifying and classifying street signs, allowing it to be used to produce a standalone image recognition system to improve traffic information monitoring and storage. This article reviews and compares studies and developments related to traffic signs and signs in smart cities and intelligent transportation systems. The results show a reduction in travel time, improved vehicle maintenance and transportation system logistics, better fleet utilization, reduced vehicle fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.

The use of tunnels, tunnels, and mines by humans dates back hundreds or even thousands of years. The construction of communication tunnels and water transfer in mountainous areas to overcome the steep topography has been increasing in recent centuries. In the new era, due to the expansion of cities and the density of population centers in the world and the prediction of much higher density of Yazr cities in the future, the need to use the third dimension of land, namely increasing the height of buildings and construction of multi-storey highways on the ground. Also, the creation of service roads and spaces such as subways and underground urban communication tunnels is felt in a tangible way. In Iran, the idea of ​​using intercity tunnels has been implemented since the beginning of this solar century. . But the study plan and the first phase of Tehran metro design was done in the early 50's by the French company "Sofroto". There are various methods in the implementation of guard structures for drilling tunnels, underground stations, mines and in general "underground structures" that the use of metal frames of the Austrian NATM in the construction of Tehran meters became common. But during 1984 and 1985, for the first time, concrete arches or ribs were used to reinforce the soil of the drilling site, which is known as the "Russian" method, and for the first time in the area of ​​Shemiran Gate Station by Dr. Sedghiani, Professor of Geotechnics, University of Tehran. Designed and executed by Kova Construction Company. This article is the result of the author's ten years of experience in various subway projects in Tehran and Karaj.

These days, we are facing a variety of small and large construction projects around us. One of the effective factors in causing the implementation delays of these projects in Iran is the problems caused by choosing how to design and implement services. Proper selection of implementation methods can reduce project execution time by up to 30%. One of these methods is design and construction (EPC), which has made the tendency of both parties to implement this method more tangible. One of the branches of this contract is EPC CONVERTED or conditional design and construction. Accordingly, the parties knowingly accept the risks and specific conditions of the project and play a more colourful role than conventional EPC contracts by changing and accepting responsibilities in each section of the EPC. In this research, which has been done from the practical type and from the case research method and based on the analysis of the collected data through interviews and questionnaires, attempt was made to identify the causes of the delay in the design and conditional construction, which is due to the lack of transparency of responsibilities and job description and the lack of necessary and sufficient authority of the contractor and provide solutions for delays. Elimination of part of the activities and changes in the schedule and resources allocated, high involvement of the employer during the project life and disruption of order and management of the contractor have been identified as delaying factors that can be identified by preparing transparent tender documents and determining job descriptions and The services strictly prevented them from occurring. Studies show that this contract has been implemented once in Iran and in the Sirajeh Qom oil and gas fields project, which shows that this contract is not recognized. Identifying delay factors and ways to prevent them will be helpful in creating awareness for users and promoting the ideal project.